The Role And Teachings Of The Dalai Lama Philosophy Essay

The Role And Teachings Of The Dalai Lama Philosophy Essay It is up to every one of us to utilize our opportunity to help make a more joyful world1. The characteristic of the 21st century grasped upon a human progress defiled with eagerness for power. It started a general public that discussions, strolls, and inhales want for power, and to accomplish this longing it will go to any cost. It couldn't care less what number of blameless individuals pass on or what number of individuals become destitute, all it thinks about is being on top and enduring. Savagery is in each corner, in each road, in each square, and practically in each nation. To live, individuals are eager to murder their neighbors, pretty much their own blood. Viciousness has overwhelmed all of what is in presence today. It has become a wellspring of intensity, a wellspring of want, mankinds yearning. Despite the fact that, greater part of humankind might be adulterated, there still untruth the individuals who accept and have confidence in friendship. A conviction that one day th is yearn for force will lie behind us and the future will direct harmony and maintain a position of charitableness (unselfishness). Among these devotees of expectation is His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso. Tenzin Gyatso is one who looks to discover harmony even in the darkest of days. Tenzin Gyatso is the fourteenth Dalai Lama and an image for future trust in both Buddhism and his country, Tibet. He is perceived as the resurrection of Avalokiteshvara, a Buddha who has decided to be reawakened so as to illuminate others. The Dalai Lama grasps a certifiable model of life: a model through explanation and benevolence and not through power; a model which is neither hurtful not unfriendly to mankind. The Dalai Lama administers without falling back on any methods for discipline: he uses weapons against nobody, managing decently and calmly with no contempt. The Dalai Lama lectures develop empathies, and metta (benevolence) for all creatures. An inside and out investigation of the fourteenth Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and his methods of reasoning represent the through peacefulness one can accomplish internal harmony. Tenzin Gyatso, all the more officially perceived as the Dalai Lama, is the strict Buddhist pioneer of the nation Tibet. He is the fourteenth appearance of the Bodhisattva of sympathy, Avalokiteshvara. To Tibetans, this Dalai Lama is known by his title, Dalai meaning sea, and Klein, Leslie. Sprituality in a Materialistic World. AuthorHouse, 2008. Lama meaning Wisdom2. To himself, he is Tenzin Gyatso, a basic Buddhist priest no more no less3. His heavenliness was conceived on July sixth 1935 out of a little town Takster to a laborer ranch group of sixteen. Takster is a town in the eastern Tibet region Amdo. At 2 years old, Tenzin Gyatso was distinguished as the resurrection of his antecedent, the thirteenth dalai Lama, turning into the fourteenth in line of the Dalai Lamas. Conceived as Lhamo Dhondrub, he was renamed rJe btsun jam dpal ngag dbang blo bzang ye shes bstan dzin rgya mtsho srid gsum dbang bsgyur mtshungs dad prescription paI sde bzang po4. The tulkus (resurrected lamas) crowning celebration service happened on February 22, 1940 in Tibets capital, Lhasa. His instruction started at six years old. At 15 years old, on 17 November 1950, he was delegated the title of Dalai Lama, turning out to be Tibets most significant otherworldly and political pioneer. At 24 years old, he was assessed at the ascetic colleges of Drepu ng, Sera and Ganden. In Monlam Festival Prayer, Tenzin Gyatso took his last appraisal at Jokhang where he was analyzed on the 3 subjects: rationale, Middle Path, and the ordinance of ascetic order. At 25 years old he completed the Geshe Lharampa Degree, the Doctorate of Buddhist Philosophy. In 1989, the Dalai Lama got the Noble harmony prize2. To comprehend Dalai Lamas proclaiming of peacefulness, initial one must appreciate peacefulness. Peacefulness is probably the most noteworthy ideals that ought to be acknowledged by everybody, regardless of on the off chance that they argue to Buddhism or not. Peacefulness intends to cease from horrendous activities. One ought not slaughter another living being. One ought not hurt another living being. One ought not torment another living being. One ought not ahimsa (hurt) another being. This is peacefulness. As indicated by the Dalai Lama, viciousness isn't the key, it isn't the response to anything. 2 Mullin, Glenn H., and Valerie M. Shepherd. The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: a Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation. Santa Clause Fe, NM: Clear Light, 2001 3 Mehrotra, Rajiv. In My Own Words: an Introduction to My Teachings and Philosophy. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2008. 4 Mehrotra, Rajiv. Understanding the Dalai Lama. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2008. We have two choices. Initially, peacefulness. Second, savagery that is self destruction. We need to live with the Chinese next to each other. It is exceptionally fundamental to convey this development of peacefulness, with the goal that later, we can live cheerfully. In the event that we receive brutality on the Chinese, at that point Tibetans will likewise endure. Some constructive result many Chinese got thoughtful of Tibetan individuals. They came to me communicated. Peacefulness is the best method5. Savagery can't be overwhelmed by more viciousness. By reacting to savagery, the outcome will be cataclysmic. In actuality, by maintaining a strategic distance from savagery one can dare to dream to decrease others viciousness. An extraordinary case of this is the country of the Dalai Lama, Tibet. In 1950, the decimation of Tibet started with the Chinese armed force of the Peoples Republic. In 1951, the Chinese government attempted to take rule over Tibet from the Dalai Lama through the seventeen-point understanding. In 1959, there was an uprising against the Chinese military; when that bombed the Dalai Lama was power to escape to India. In 1959, his Holiness invalidated in Dharamsala, North India where he set up a legislature in-exile2. The Chinese caught and detained innocent residents and protestors, pulverizing the Tibetan culture. The Dalai Lama didn't invalidate to foul words, he didn't tear down the Chinese. Rather than retaliating, the Dalai Lama lectures that one ought to pon der and think about what they may have done on their past life that they are being tormented at this point. He assists individuals with getting that in the event that one reactions by causing enduring among another, they are not adding to a solidarity in their inner world nor to the outside world. The lives they live are pointless on the off chance that it doesn't add to anything. By causing enduring they cause themselves all the more affliction, for in their next birth they will reawakened into a more terrible life. The existence one lives depends on the karma, activity, of one in the past life. In this way, as opposed to dedicating oneself to hurt the Dalai Lama lectures Tibetans to swear off furnished battle and collect great karma to accomplish internal harmony. On the off chance that everybody embraces and learns the ethics of inward harmony, no longer will there be individuals in this world who will cause ahimsa. No longer will there be savagery. As a notable otherworldly pioneer and political ruler, the Dalai Lamas as a matter of first importance 5 McLennan, Scotty. The Heart of Nonviolence: A Conversation with the Dalai Lama. WisdomPortal.com. Web. 1 Aug. 2010.. commitment is to secure his kin and country. The Dalai Lama has never stopped his kin from utilizing savagery on account of Buddhist ethics, but since, peacefulness is for us the main way. Patently, for our situation viciousness would be equivalent to self destruction 6. Some may believe that by not battling he brings upon torment to his kin, yet the underlying reason behind the Dalai Lama is to assist his with peopling to learn and to create. By not retaliating he attempts to show individuals that great doesn't come through war and carnage, by declining to battle over the long haul we secure a superior future. At this moment we should endure, however the seeds to our enduring will grow a perfect planet. The Dalai Lama is an icon to humankind, an advocator of peacefulness. Thos who do torment hurt, the adversaries, are only a trial of time. With time and tolerance, as one aggregates great karma, the introduction of friendship will occur, and brutality will vanquish. The adversary shows you inward quality. Your psyche essentially is delicate, however when you experience difficulties, your brain gets solid 7. Adversaries are the trial of time, for when one is encircled b y foes one needs to make significant decisions. These decisions characterize the internal identity. In the event that one can abstain from brutality and defeat evil considerations and remain on the correct way, one can accomplish inward harmony. Subsequently, through the procedure of peacefulness one accomplishes internal harmony. At the point when one is at inward harmony with themselves in the midst of fight they settle on right choices and decline to battle, at last causing external harmony. The Dalai Lamas accepts peacefulness is associated with the free comprehension of people. The free comprehension of people is at last a way prompting mental friendship. In this manner, peacefulness begins internal harmony. His Holiness, the14th Dalai Lama, accepts to set out inward harmony one must create metta, (love, consideration and compassion)7. At the point when we are peaceful and decline to battle we accomplish metta in our souls. When there is viciousness there is outrage, disdain, 6 Bstan-Úâ ¼dzin-rgya-mtsho, and SãÅ"⠁aãÅ"„ntideva. A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night: a Guide to the Bodhisattvas Way of Life. Boston: Shambhala, 1994. 7 Piburn, Sidney. The Dalai Lama, a Policy of Kindness: an Anthology of Writings by and about the Dalai Lama. Ithaca, N.Y., USA: Snow Lion Publications, 1990. what's more, connection, yet when there is no viciousness one is quiet, and tranquil. With the birthplaces of viciousness comes want and covetousness, in the long run prompting mental distress. At the point when we are benevolent and empathetic to others it causes others to feel adored, and it encourages us create internal joy. In one of his meetings, the Dalai Lama states: In the event that you offer approach to outrage, disdain, you get lost. No reasonable person needs to free oneself. Expectation and assurance will bring upon a more promising time to come so as to create human assurance you need trust. What's more, to create trust you need sympathy, love. Love and empathy are the premise of expectation and determination8. In the event that one surrenders to outrage and scorn the

Relationship between Learning and Grading

To comprehend the connection among assessment and learning, we have to comprehend the assessment design at present being used. Level 1, shows shallow worry on the work done by understudies. It underestimates that the work done by understudies must be reviewed. Level 2 inquires as to whether customary appraisal or ‘authentic’ assessment, which would dig further into understudies accomplishments? Level 3 enquires the need of assessing understudies. Wanting to think about the understudy execution itself is shocking. Marking understudies based on execution frequently misinterprets them. Understudy execution doesn't show any enhancement for exacting evaluation. Then again, when it is simpler to score, the students don't put second rate work. Regularly a similar educator may put various evaluations to a similar work when surveyed at two unique occasions. In this manner the variety in score demonstrates emotional evaluation .It makes learning inconsistent. Inspiration is a significant part of appraisal. On the off chance that the inspiration is intrinsic, at that point the understudy learns for the wellbeing of his own, then again, when the inspiration is outer, learning is for a reason, the intention being getting away from a discipline or anticipating a prize. Both are clashing in nature. The discoveries uncover that student’s execution endures and they display lesser intrigue and spotlight on the assignment, on the off chance that they realize that they will be reviewed. Repetition learning self-destructs when the understudies realize that they will be reviewed. Japanese understudies display less enthusiasm for the subject and ability to respond to troublesome inquiries, when they realize they would be analyzed. Hence utilizing evaluations to assess understudies made them lower premium, ingrain the dread of disappointment and dampened their learning and innovativeness. (Head servant and Nissan 1986, P.215). A few instructors accept that giving criticism in type of evaluations is insufficient. It doesn't tell the understudy, where the person turned out badly, and the degree for development. Eric Schaps (1993) structured the ‘demand’ and ‘support’ models. The interest model features the student’s execution as ‘chosen’ and ‘earned’ making instruction a venture and planning of a future specialist. The ‘support ‘model is student situated making understudies mindful in the assignments they have picked. It trains that strong and drawing in condition is needed more than progress. The 5 fundamental standards of appraisal are †1.In no chance should assessment stop interest or impart dread. 2. Intrigue started in understudies can be perused by perception by experienced educators. 3. School can turn into a mindful spot, causing understudies to feel allowed to talk about issues and look for help. 4. Appraisal ought to be legitimately identified with nature of educational plan. It is essential to know whether the understudy has gotten anything advantageous from the curriculum.5 Students to assume a conclusive job in assessment, to realize that it is a learning experience. In the event that Grades are an unquestionable requirement, it is significant that they are enhanced by sufficient remarks. Degree ought not be done, while the understudies are as yet learning. An instructor ought not check understudies on a bend, saying just not many are qualified for good grades. It is dangerous to the confidence of the understudy. Evaluations ought to never be given for exertion, for it makes a contrary impact. Educators need to watch out for the intrigue level of the educational plan as well.

How to Get Research Paper Writers for Academic Papers

How to Get Research Paper Writers for Academic PapersSince so many students choose to use writer's mills to generate academic papers, it is important to understand that these writers are not professional research paper writers. You will be responsible for ensuring that your paper gets the proper weight, it is written in a clear and well-organized manner and you keep the research process simple. You must do all this yourself if you want to ensure a high-quality paper. The professional research papers are authored by graduate or undergraduate students, graduate research assistants, undergraduate research assistants, experienced research assistants and various other professionals.Writing your paper from scratch, even if you need help, requires a substantial amount of time. That's why you should hire a writing service to do the work for you. Professional writers have decades of experience in academic writing and research papers. They know exactly how to write a research paper for an unde rgraduate or graduate level. A professional research paper will be of high quality and in a format that will be acceptable to your subject.Writing your paper is far more difficult than the average writing assignment. This is why you need to find a quality writer who is experienced at writing these types of papers. Because academic writing is very complex, writing a research paper is a large undertaking. If you hire a writing service to handle your academic paper writing, you will not be responsible for spelling and grammar mistakes, and your writing will be professionally done.A major reason that professional research papers are so highly sought after is because they are excellent examples of writing written by people who are not 'well-educated' in the field that you are writing about, and that is why there are so many poor research papers that get published. No one wants to read research that was done by someone who did not have the proper experience in the field. If you make sure that your academic paper is written by an expert, you will be amazed at the quality that comes out of your article.Many online research paper writers will be able to submit your work to professional research journals as well. If your submission is accepted, then your article will be published. The article submission process is usually automated and all the writing is handled by the professional writers. This saves you time and money by making sure that your paper is accepted by every publication you request to have it published in.When you submit your research paper, there is a lot of effort involved. The writer that you work with must keep track of all the details of your paper. You will also be responsible for turning in your articles for editing and proofreading. You will also have to prove that the information presented in your article is accurate and can be verified.Editing your article is your responsibility as well. Academic writing is full of examples of errors and grammatic al errors. This means that your paper must be error free. Writing your paper yourself is one way to ensure that you do not make a single error, while submitting your article to academic journals.It is important to note that any research paper that you write should be on a topic that you are familiar with. Your academic paper should not have anything to do with the topic that you are writing about. In addition, your research paper should be completely unique and fresh.

The Female Character in the Epic Stories Paradise Lost...

THE FEMALE CHARACTER IN THE EPIC STORIES PARADISE LOST AND THE RAMAYANA [Name of the Student] [Name of the Instructor] [Subject] [Date] The Ramayana and Paradise Lost hold stories of ancient times that tend to explain the existence of two different cultures in the present world. Milton, the author of ‘Paradise Lost,’ concerns himself with the Christian story of the ‘Fall of man’ while Valmiki, the author of The Ramayana, tries to bring out an explanation to the goals of human life. In this assignment, I would like to compare author’s use of two female characters in both The Ramayan and Paradise Lost as I try to explain the mythological themes expressed in these two old myths (Jung 64). Eve in Paradise†¦show more content†¦Milton predecessors portray Eve as deficient in virtuous enterprise. They blamed Eve for the woes of the world and their concept of Eve rooted in dualism, a view that is not depicted by Milton in the book Paradise Lost. Milton, represent Eve as a literary figure separating her from primitive conception by those who hold on tradition yet they are unconscious of prime examples of Eve in the society. Paradise Lost is a literary epic of a personal effort while The Ramayan, however, is a non-literary epic. Sita is the dominant female character in the story The Ramayana and thus is comparable to Eve in Paradise Lost in their contribution to bringing the mythical themes to the two stories as they are both mythical symbols. Paradise Lost is a work of a single individual and thus it is possible to conclude that the characters involved in the story are a projection of the authors ideas on how he wants the characters to appear. It can thus be said that the characters in Paradise Lost are truly Miltons characters. This cannot be said of the characters in the epic story The Ramayana since it is a collective effort of different people in bringing out the epic story. It is due to this that the comparison of the two primary characters in the two separate stories becomes interesting. Sita is first introducedShow MoreRelatedIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagesera Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were there already in India steeped in folklores, myths, written in umpteen languages as India is always the land of stories. However, the concept of Indian English novel or rather the concept of Indians writing in English came much later and it is with the coming of Raja Rao, R.K. Narayan, Mulk

The Dangers of Antifreeze and Their Solutions Essay example

Antifreeze There are hazards in and around every automotive shop across the world. Among these hazards are the chemicals used in or on the vehicles themselves. With proper training and information, the handler of these chemicals will be able to protect him/herself from experiencing the dangerous potential of these chemicals. Along with a lot of overseen hazardous chemicals is a chemical found in every liquid cooled engine, antifreeze. Over the years our engines inside of our automobiles have grown bigger and more complex then they have been in the past. The older technique of the air cooled system did not protect the engine from extreme temperatures, there for we have created the liquid cooling system. The problem we faced†¦show more content†¦One way to handle this, so that to avoid such a tragedy is to let the vehicle cool before opening the cooling system. The use of personal protection equipment like a rubber apron, gloves, and a face shield will control getting the hot fluid on your body. Another less severe effect of contact with antifreeze is a mild skin and eye irritation. The best way to resolve this problem is to avoid all contact with the skin. Proper handling of antifreeze will help cut back the risk of this exposure tremendously. The simple use of a funnel will prevent spilling the chemical while adding it to a vehicle. The use of latex or rubber gloves will stop the possibility of it contact the skin on your hands. Goggles will stop any reaching your eyes. If needed in a certain procedure were your body could be in contact, the use of a rubber apron and a face shield will stop it as well. The most serious downfall of antifreeze is if it is ingested. When ingested the antifreeze turns into another dangerous chemical known as oxalic acid. This acid damages the victims kidneys causing them to fail. It also causes renal, cardiovascular failure, and brain damage and in most cases results in death due to these effects. This is not a common problem for most adults but more for children and animals. Ethylene glycol in the antifreeze gives it a sweetShow MoreRelatedChemical Care of Household Products Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesChemicals found in your home Antifreeze Ethylene glycol is extremely poisonous. If you inhale in the fumes it can cause dizziness; if you or your child swallow antifreeze it can give severe damage to the heart, kidneys and brain.It can be fatal if antifreeze is swallowed. Safety tips: Always wear gloves when you clean up antifreeze because ethylene glycol can be absorbed through your skin. Also, keep your pets away from spilled antifreeze. Your pets are attracted to antifreeze because of its sweet smellRead MoreFast Food : Healthy Or Not1772 Words   |  8 Pagesattacks. Fast food has many cholesterol and fat, and it is cooked in a lot of oil. Heart attacks are created by a type of fat called oxidized, and oxidized was loaded so much in fast food. According an article was written by Brian Wu, Ph.D about â€Å"The Danger of Oxidized Cholesterol and Tips for Prevention† points out that if human people contain a lot of Oxidized, it can be dangerous. Therefore, people eat fast food as much as they can get heart attacks. In the article â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater† by DavidRead MoreThe Effects Of Vaccinations On Our Health1528 Words   |  7 Pagesjust from surroundings or from animals who carry around diseases with them. While also having long/short term effects on our bodies, most of it is due to the harming ingredients in the vaccines themselves. Some of the few ingredients are: â€Å"MSG, antifreeze, phenol (used as a disinfectant), formaldehyde (cancer causing and used to embalm), aluminum (associated with alzheimer’s disease and seizures), glycerin (toxic to the kidney, liver, can cause lung damage, gastrointestinal damage and death), leadRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On The Environment848 Words   |  4 PagesCrops can be modified to be protected against dangerous weather. For example, an unexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. There is an antifreeze gene that is found in cold water fish which has been introduced into potato plants. These plants are then able to withstand cold temperatures that would normally would kill unmodified seedlings. As I stated previously, GM crops yield more product than conventional crops. This is because they have been altered to use water more efficiently and toRead MoreSan Mateo And San Juan Creek958 Words   |  4 PagesThe staff at the program check the drain system for pollution or other sources of illegal dumping. The staff also go to the public and talk about how to reduce the stormwater pollution. Stormwater has lots of pollutants, such as oil, grease, or antifreeze from leaking cars. Solvents and household chemicals and more. This program can help a lot in the community. Another point source is the HHW program (Household Hazardous Waste.) This program provides locations for the people in the community to disposeRead MoreSaturn Is A Gas Giant1191 Words   |  5 Pagessparse at times. Another thing to note about Kuki is that they circulate the outer atmosphere of Saturn of most of their lives which can have temperatures as low as absolute zero. To prevent their blood freezing, they do have a particular form of antifreeze that allows their blood to withstand such harsh conditions. The circulatory system is also a closed circulatory system to allow for more control of heat throughout the entire body. The circulatory vein also have gates. When Kuki becomes extremelyRead More Concussions in Football Essays1400 Words   |  6 Pagessolving the problem of concussions in the National Football League is awareness. NFL players as well as college players need to be educated in some form on the symptoms of a concussion and possible long-term effects. These athletes must be aware of the dangers and realities of this injury. Greg Hadley, a senior linebacker from Colgate University, had a jaw-dropping experience when he went to a Bedford, Massachusetts laboratory; he got an u p-close view of the shattered brains of dead football players (Gregory)Read MoreBiotechnology and Genetically Modified Foods Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on our environment. One way that genetically modified foods are hurting our environment is that process can involve the exchange of genes between two totally different species. People are actually putting scorpion toxin into corn and fish antifreeze into tomatoes (De Greef). These changes in the plants make the plant able to with stand the attack of pests and weather, but it is still possible that the plant’s DNA will cross and make bad toxins. If a farmer plants a crop that has the resistanceRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods : Boon Or Bane?2145 Words   |  9 Pagesanimals, or even vaccines. The organisms that are created from this process are referred to as genetically modified organisms. Scientists pose genetically modified foods as a solution for food issues around the world like feeding the growing glob al population. There is no doubt that GMO have the potential for providing solutions to many of the agricultural issues faced worldwide today like addressing famine and malnutrition in developing nations by producing higher yielding crops with extra nutritionalRead MoreTattoo Culture and Influence in Society1780 Words   |  8 Pagescells in the dermis and shows through the epidermis. Therefore what we injecting into skin is so important. Actually, the main materials of ink are formaldehyde and antifreeze. From the medical point of view, â€Å"The carrier solution itself might contain harmful substances such as denatured alcohols, methanol, rubbing alcohol, antifreeze, detergents, or formaldehyde and other highly toxic aldehydes(Julie Genser, 2007).† Since these materials involve needles and blood, they carry several risks. These

The Tale of Green Harbor - 776 Words

In the Green Harbor you will find waves of fresh vibrant green valleys and animals that jump from one hiding spot to another. Swaying palms filled with ripe fruit just waiting to be picked. The smell of the fresh morning air is sweet and warm, with peaceful winds that provides a relaxing breeze. Wind Chimes can be heard from the houses and the smell of the fresh tropical ocean that is not far from the small community near by, where little geckoes and tropical birds can be sighted and even visit while people are just relaxing on the beach or shopping on foot. Within this pleasant Island of Green Harbor there is a sweet place, a place where little geckoes of different colors live with parrots and palm trees all around like a gate around the warm soft sand and the dolphins live and can be seen from the shore and people can even swim with them if they wish. Where you see people in trees and giant lizards wandering around, where carpets can levitate and waves curl into tubes and and fish can fly and birds can sing, where the sun shines bright and everyone is greeted with a grin. In this special place pearls cause the water to sparkle and the sun causes the pearls to make underwater rainbows among the schools of colorful unique fish. If you look closely and try really hard you might see, a dragon, horse, or even a snow leopard up in a tree or hiding in a volcano or a cave on the water. In this special place in Green Harbor peoples’ nails change with their mood and their closetsShow MoreRelatedThe Lais Of Marie De France865 Words   |  4 Pagesas fairy tales is dependent on the definition of â€Å"fairy tale.† Using various scholars’ definitions of â€Å"fairy tale† and conceptions of the fairy tale genre, criteria for â€Å"fairy tales† arises. Then, close-readings of three lais, â€Å"Guigemar†, â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec†, are used as a mechanism for meeting or failing the criteria. This methodology is th en evaluated and problematized. The criterion for fairy tales includes origin, form, content, style, and meaning. Etymologically, the word ‘fairy tale’ has disputedRead More Poes Theory and Practice Reflected in The Cask of Amontillado1094 Words   |  5 Pagesin a Prose Tale (854). In this essay I will compare the strengths Poe champions in Hawthornes works with those that accentuate Poes well known short story The Cask of Amontillado. According to Poe, Truth is often . . . the aim of the tale (855). Perhaps this is why Poes The Cask of Amontillado borrows its premise from an allegedly factual incident that took place while Poe was stationed at Boston Harbor. After unjustly killing a young lieutenant in a duel, a Captain Green was incitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Puller And I Left The Bridge 1351 Words   |  6 Pagesthe saddle. With a grizzlecat and people around it seemed like a good time to string my bow and have my quiver ready. Rounding a bend in the road there in a small vale and set up on a wold was a nice Teras-style stone house with the traditional green door and white flower boxes at every window. A whitewashed fence and a greensward separated it from the stream and the road. What looked like a small, low barn was on the north side of the house, and I was hoping the farmer would have a bot to helpRead MoreRise of the Roman Empire Essay examples1226 Words   |  5 Pagesrushed in and carried off the women. This was the famous quot;Rape (carrying off) of the Sabine womenquot;, which later became a subject for painters. It seems unlkely that any part of this legend is true. Almost certainly it is a copy of a Greek tale, invented to explain the name of Rome and certain customs.(online) However, Romulus is considering as a successful emperor in modern society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 753 BC Rome was a small community. Its people, the Romans, were Latins mixedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradburys Work Essay example1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe time this was written, World War II was happening. Prior to the 1940s, the United States for the last decade was in a depression and remained isolated from other nations. The United States was sucked into the war when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. The Great Depression had an overwhelmingly negative effect on the economy, and as a result of the war â€Å"Unemployment almost disappeared because the men were at war, and the women and blacks were allowed to fill the open positions† (American CulturalRead MoreWas Walt Disney Racist Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesanimation career was over, but he kept fighting and it taught him to never give up control of his creations. Though the tale of how he came about isn’t clear, Mickey Mouse debuted on November 18, 1928. From that day, the Wal t Disney Studios took off with the creation of Snow White in 1937 and Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940. However, the studio took a break from movies after Pearl Harbor in order to aid in the war effort by converting the studio into a wartime industrial plant. After the war, Disney reconqueredRead MoreYoshiko Uchid A Poet, And Her Father A Businessman1487 Words   |  6 PagesSasha Castro Ms.Brown Adv Lit 19 December 2016 Yoshiko Uchida Yoshiko Uchida was born November 24, 1921, in Alameda, California. Her mother was a poet, and her father a businessman. During her senior year in 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and Uchida, along with other Japanese Americans, were sent to relocation camps. She worked as a teacher while attending the camp. Despite the embarrassment and agony of her past, Uchida created profound stories full of sense to both reader and the topic displayedRead MoreAn Analysis Of Amanda Lindhout s New York Times Bestseller A House Of The Sky1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn Amanda Lindhout’s New York Times bestseller A House in the Sky, Lindhout masterfully delivers a chilling tale of being in the wrong place leaving reader’s in chills. A House in the Sky is an inside look into the unpredictable field of journalism. Lindhout recalls a grueling account of being captured for 460 days in Somalia. She presents this story in the form of a memoir, which Lindhout shares in chronological order. While religious overload plagues some of the latter chapters, the overall storyRead MoreEssay on Garo Hills-The Ecological Canvas of Meghalaya1107 Words   |  5 Pagesand hence one of the richest spots in bio-diversity. The Garos mostly inhabiting the three districts of the State namely East Garo Hill, West Garo hill and South Garo Hill are essentially unreasonable, believe in spirits and have rich habitual tales of myths and legends. To the Garos the whole thing that is motivating and not natural has to have the tradition of some kind. Tura Location: West Garo Hills District Tura the headquarter of West Garo Hills, which was also the headquarter of collectiveRead MoreThe Black Plague in Florence 13481443 Words   |  6 Pagescitizenry. Citizens resided in resplendent buildings on city streets with regal names like Borgo degli Albizi, Santi Apostoli, and Via dei Cimatori. Rumor had it that this pestilence came to Florence via Messina in Sicily. Boats docking at the harbor there carried passengers and crew who were sick or dying. Anyone who came near the boats or passengers would become sick within a day. A physician friend of mine described the symptoms of the sick to me as follows: coughing, followed by severe

Concepts of Economics Demand and Supply

Question: Discuss about the Concepts of Economics for Demand and Supply. Answer: Introduction The most essential concepts of economics that is also considered as the backbone of the market economy, is termed as demand and supply. The total quantity of a commodity as well as service that is desired by the purchaser is termed as demand. On the other hand, the total amount of a product that the producers are willing to offer is termed as supply. The total quantity demanded is the amount that the purchaser is willing to purchase at a certain price. The correlation between demand and supply underlie the forces behind the allotment of resources (Canto, Joines and Laffer 2014). The law of demand states that, other factors equal the higher the price of a good, the less individuals will demand that good. On the other hand, the law of supply states that producers will supply more of a product at a higher price as it will help to increase revenue (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). Discussion The essay portrays a demand in China for high quality baby formula and parallel dealers who travel to Australia and purchase large amounts of baby formula and then sell them back to China meet this demand. The manufacturers of baby food formula mostly benefit from trade due to its raised demand. The parallel dealers in Australia make a profit by selling the formula at a superior price back in China. There is a high demand for infant formula as well as other goods, such as vitamin supplements and honey in Australia. However, on the demand side, the Australia-based grocery stores, such as Coles and Woolworths, that ship to China are mostly struggling to keep up with the augmenting demand from the individuals in China (ABC Rural 2016). The strong demand for the organic infant formula from China increased sales in the mainland for food and Beverage Company of Australia. As a result, proceeds from China last year totaled to more than a quarter of worldwide revenue. The baby formula maker in Australia, who is also the supplier of organic infant food, saw increase in revenue from China to more than $62 million. Particularly Chinese individuals who value severe food safety regulations of Australia and consider that overseas products will not be forged fueled global demand for local milk formula. The demand for infant milk food of Australia by Asia also helped the organic food producers to witness a huge increase in sales as well as increase in profits. The supply of organic baby foods had also risen drastically and it has become more reasonable. This is mostly because; customers of organic baby food are not sensitive to changes in price. Sustained efforts by manufacturers of baby food in order to enlarge production of t hese products while affording customers attractive prices, may not lead to drastically augmented purchase levels. The graph shows that increase in demand will increase sales for baby food (Smith and Blake 2013). The factors that affect the demand of the market mostly includes price of the product, the income of the customers, the price of related products and the changing taste and preferences of the individuals. There is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the amount of that good that are desired by the customers. The income of the individuals also has an impact on the demand of baby foods. There is always a positive relationship between demand for baby foods and the income of the customers. As a result, if the income of the individuals increases, it leads to the increase in baby food demand (Bowen, and Sosa 2014). The graph shows that with the increase in income, the demand for normal good will increase however; the demand for inferior good will decrease with the increase in income. The demand for baby food is also likely to change due to the change in taste and preferences of the individuals. If a healthy study comes out stating that a baby food of a certain brand is not good for health, in that case, the demand for the baby food will decrease. The future expectation of the customers also leads affects demand. In other words, if the customers anticipate that the price of baby food is likely to increase in the future, they are likely to purchase more of baby foods at present. The factors that affect the supply sides of the market mostly include the price of a given product, price of inputs, and state of technology as well as government policy. Price of a given product is considered as one of the imperative determinant of supply. In other words, supply of a commodity and its price is directly related. If the price of a commodity increases, the supply of the commodity also increases in order to increase the profit (Ehrenberg and Smith 2016). On the other hand, if the price of inputs increases the cost of production will also increase that will lead to fall in supply. This will in turn lead to fall in profitability. Similarly, the supply of a particular product will be influenced with the change in the state of technology. The advancement in technology will diminish the cost of production that will in turn lead to increase in marginal profit. Increase in tax also has an impact on supply of a product. Increase in tax reduces supply by lowering marginal profit (Shepherd 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the income of the individuals also has an impact on the demand of baby foods. There is always a positive relationship between demand for baby foods and the income of the customers. References ABC Rural. (2016).Bellamy's profits up on back of Asian demand for baby formula. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-19/infant-formula-producer-bellamys-reports-big-sales-growth/7183332 [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Bowen, W.G. and Sosa, J.A., 2014.Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. Princeton University Press. Canto, V.A., Joines, D.H. and Laffer, A.B., 2014.Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Ehrenberg, R.G. and Smith, R.S., 2016.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Shepherd, R.W., 2015.Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press. Smith, J. and Blake, M., 2013. Infant food marketing strategies undermine effective regulation of breast?milk substitutes: trends in print advertising in Australia, 19502010.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,37(4), pp.337-344.

Why People Write Essays - Lecturers, Maya Angelou,

Why People Write? Why People Write ? People write for many reasons. They write to educate, , and to entertain to express their feelings of emotions of joy or sadness, also to preserve history In Maya Angelous story Graduation in Fields of Reading she teaches us about racism in the south in the 1940s. Angelou writes about how schools in the south were segregated. Black students were deprived of resources to enable students to learn. While schools were endowed with all the resources needed for a prominent education. They were going to have the newest microscopes and chemistry equipment for their laboratory.1 Not only does Maya Angelou write about lack of resources in the black schools she also writes that even after the students graduated that they merely going to be carpenter, athletes and entertainers. and our boys ( the girls werent even on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises.2 Maya Angelou is not the only writer who wrote to educate her readers. Prince Modupe who wrote The Royal African, educated people about his culture, his religion and how power among his people was passed down through women. Prince Modupe tells us about how his courage was tested by the elders by fighting with leopards. this is the way a youths courage was tested by the elders of the community. I am that youth whose courage was tested in hand to hand combat with a leopard.3 Prince Modupe also talks about how everything is passed down through the women from generation to generation. These things consisting of property, rights, and even the succession to the throne. .Our nations system was matriarchal. Grandfather sat the throne because there was no female successor for the office in his mothers familydescended through women.4 Another writer who writes to educate is Martin Luther King . He writes about racism and about non-violence in the United States in the 1960s. King speaks of liberalism and neo-orthodoxy. King says that these two theories are inadequate. Man needs a reason as much as \ he needs God. Liberalism was too sentimental concerning human nature and that it leaned toward a false idealism. On the other hand he says that neo-orthodoxy fell as the mood of anti-rationalism and semi-fundamentalism , ( stressing a narrow biblicism). While I saw neo-orthodoxy as a helpful corrective for a sentimental liberalism, If liberalism was too optimistic neo-orthodoxy was too pessimistic. 5 People also write to entertain, whether it be a funny quote or a full comedy to make people laugh or to keep people interested to continue reading. One Hundred Years of Solitude written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a great example of people writing to entertain. In this story he talks about a person by the name of Arcadio Buendia and a gypsy by the name of Malquiades. Buendia is stated to be not trustworthy of gypsies. But Jose Arcadio Buendia, at that time Did not believe in the honesty of gypsies.6 In One Hundred Years of Solitude. Marquez writes about a man who practically gives up everything he owns to invent things from inventions from the gypsies in which Buendia did not trust. Not only do authors write to entertain and to educate they also write to express feelings of pain or joy. Anne Frank in her diary tells us about her struggls and pains during the Holocaust. Not only do we know that we also feel for the struggle in living in an attic with the rest of her family. Anne Franks also talks about having no friends and the only real friend that she had was a diary, one of the reasons for this is because she says that paper was patient Paper has more patience than people.7 Acceptance Essays

I Could Never Be So Lucky Again Essays - Doolittle Raiders

I Could Never Be So Lucky Again Essays - Doolittle Raiders I Could Never Be So Lucky Again I Could Never Be So Lucky Again By General James h. Jimmy Doolittle This book is about a famous pilot in World War II named Jimmy Doolittle. When Jimmy was 14 he had a taste for boxing. To encourage Jimmy to quit boxing his mom bought him a motorcycle. So he boxed professionally under the name of Jimmy Pierce. When he was 16 he met a girl named Josephine, but she was called Joe. For three years Joe ignored Jimmy but then she started to accept him and they started to like each other. But Joe didnt like Jimmy boxing so he again started to box under the name of Jimmy Pierce. But when Joe found out she was mad. He then went to junior collage. When he was young Jimmy had two goals, to see the world and to build things. Back then only engineers could build things and only two kinds could see the world, civil engineers and mining engineers, he choose to be a mining engineer. The first two years of the mining engineer course was the same as the other engineering courses, math and science. He went to the famous Comstock Lode, thought the rush was over. Some thing happened that summer, a mining elevator cable broke with the mining boss and a miner on it and it fell 2,900 feet to the bottom of the shaft. Since Jimmy was the only one with first aid training he was lowered down. When he got to the bottom he found the cage, his light went out so he had a hard time finding the door, but when he found it and dropped in, the people were dead. He was raised up and miners suddenly loved him. When Jimmy completed collage he and his friend joined the armed forces. His friend joined the infantry. But Jimmy joined the air force. First he became an instructor. On time he and a student were landing, a plane under them hit the bottom of their plane and crashed, when Jimmy landed he went over to the other plane but the propeller had taken the pilots head off. Then he became a test pilot. While he was a test pilot he tested several very valuable safety instruments such as the Turn and Bank indicator and the homing beacon. But Jimmy had a stunt sprit so he was the first to do the out side loop and set several speed and time records. Jimmy also won several races. After awhile Jimmy left the air force to work with shell. While he was at shell he flew to South America for advertisement. He flew across the country setting a new record for the shortest amount of time. When World War II started he rejoined the air force as a major skipping the rank of captain. He was given a top secret project that was to bomb Tokyo and other major cites. The purpose of this was to inflict fear into the hearts of all Japanese who had been told that they were invincible. When he got back he was awarded the Metal of Honor much to the delight of Jimmy and Joe who was Jimmys wife. Then he asked to go to Europe to be in battle against Germany. At that time there were several air force divisions, the 8th, 12th, 6th, and the 9th. The 8th is the supreme air force. He commanded the 12th for a while, but then was made commander of the 8th. When he was commanding the 12th he flew a lot of missions that he was not supposed to fly because he was a person that knew about ultra, the German code that the British broke. When he was made commander of the 8th then he stopped flying missions. He also met up with Bruce, a friend from his test pilot days, who had been discharged for smuggling tequila and other things. Before planes had good bombsights planes would drop bombs on the friendly troops because when the winds changed pilots thought that the target was under the smoke, so Jimmy said that they needed more effective bomb sights which he got. By the end of the war he was

Pricing Strategies and Sales Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pricing Strategies and Sales Analysis - Essay Example The village flower company employs many pricing strategies in order to achieve desirable revenue, which is an essential variable in the expansion of the company. The strategies used by this company to boost sales include comprehensive marketing and online-selling of its flowers. This aspect enables the company to access many customers from diverse backgrounds of culture, race, and beliefs. Consequently, the company’s flowers get an international recognition and much revenue. For instance, the access to big data has enabled the company to gather crucial information with regard to pricing trends in the two flower companies. Reich asserts that new methods of flower differentiation and diversification have been learned after the acquisition of bid sets of data from a global platform. Moreover, the management in The Chicago Company has learned new management strategies through the recent access to large volumes of data. The big information has culminated in the restructuring of org anizational structure for efficiency and effectiveness in The Chicago Company operations. According to Reich, the big data has led to the realization of new ways of achieving global customer satisfaction, continuous improvement and total quality management within the company. These principles are essential in the thriving of The Chicago Company. In the case of transportation of the flowers, there is the use of sensors on trucks in order to streamline the delivery of flowers through shipping. This contains the problem of stock-out cost.

Final Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final Exam Questions - Assignment Example Although mergers and acquisitions are always used in the same breath, the two terms have different implications. Generally, the main difference between mergers and acquisitions is based on how the purchase is articulated and communicated or received by the concerned parties. For example, unlike acquisitions, mergers occur when two companies agree to join and operate as one. In this regard, the merged companies can operate as equals or through laid down agreements. On the other hand, acquisitions involve a company taking over another company and establishing itself as the owner through a purchase. A fundamental characteristic of many acquisitions is that the acquiring company always takes over the management and ownership of the other companies they have acquired and eventually combine their operations. In this regard, the controlling power of one company is transferred from one shareholder group to another. One of the ways through which mergers and acquisitions contribute to business growth and expansion is that they offer quicker methods for companies to grow and reorganize their assets portfolios. They allow companies to acquire assets across many industries. It allows them to establish and penetrate new markets depending on the objectives of the company; acquired assets may be sold or retained (Maksimovic, 2011). ... In an acquisition, the acquiring company establishes sustainable positive results by spreading its risks through many different industries (Ross, 2005). Another important contribution of mergers and acquisitions related to business growth is that they enable companies take advantage of economies of scale. They increase the purchasing power of equipment’s and office supplies saving costs. This is due to increased negotiation power due to increased company size. The new entities, can access new technologies which gives them a competitive edge over their competitors. Expenses related to information and intelligence logistics are also reduced due to a shared infrastructure. This makes the cost of production per unit output to decrease increasing profits (Maksimovic, 2011). Question 4: How can a firm create the conditions for innovation? There are a diverse number of ways through which firms can create enabling conditions for innovation. Innovation is crucial to the growth and sust ainability of modern companies because. Increased innovation leads to more products in the market generating more sales. The top companies in the world are leading in innovations. Creating a culture of innovation is one of the best ways that companies can create favorable conditions for innovation. For example, a culture of risk aversion is one of the critical barriers to innovation. As a result, to ensure continued innovation, firms should move from risk aversion organizational culture to a culture of calculated risk taking. Similarly, firms should also create organizational cultures that promote curiosity and tolerance of mistakes and wish to experiment with new things. This includes giving the employees the freedom to experiment, promotion of open communication as well as

Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay Example for Free

Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay This chapter looks at Young Goodman Brown from the perspective of the female characters. Baym notes that the protagonists, usually male, reject any sexual relationship with a woman, ordinarily the wife or fiancee (136). Usually, the rejection has a fatal effect on the scorned woman. Baym notes that stories written before 1842 have a female character who is destroyed only by accident not by intention. She notes that Browns departure from Faith was not an intentional act since Brown actually planned on returning to her after the forest trip. But Baym believes that the very act of the man leaving the woman shows the males indifference to the security of their female counterparts. Baym sees the women as being sexual beings and men as sexually frozen (138). She advises that mans lack of sexual desire is what truly kills the woman and allows the man to continue living in a hollow life. Baym quickly assures her readers that her comments do not reflect the real nature of women but about the way in which men imagine them (138). She suggests that Hawthornes men are obsessed with females but the only way they can make any connection with women is through fantasy. Coleman, Arthur. Hawthornes Pragmatic Fantasies. This article looks at the role of fantasy in many of Hawthornes works. There is a very small section devoted to Young Goodman Brown. In general, Coleman focuses on Hawthornes use of fantastic, eerie settings. Young Goodman Brown works as both reality and fantasy because of the distressed mind of Brown which could lead him to imagine bizarre events. Hawthornes question at the end of the story keeps the wondrous events within a sensible realm (362). Easterly, Joan Elizabeth. Lachrymal Imagery in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown. Joan Easterly claims in her article that Goodman Brown is a changed man after his experience in the woods. She notes that Hawthorne demonstrates how Brown, a Puritan, fails the test of his moral and spiritual being. Easterly points out that Brown does not cry after realizing what he has witnessed at the witches commune. By not crying or realizing his inner emotions, Brown cannot progress morally or spiritually. This explains the symbolism that Hawthorne uses throughout the work. For example, the cold drops from the hanging twig as Brown awakes are not a Christian baptism since the water does not sprinkle on his head like in most Christian baptisms (340). The dewdrops represent, according to Easterly, the reproval of Brown and his own wickedness. Browns lack of tears shows that he has no pity or compassion for the witches and therefore he cannot be a true Christian himself. Easterly concludes that Young Goodman Brown is emotionally sterile compared with the emotionally charged witches meeting. Hardt, John S. Doubts in the American Garden: Three Cases of Paradisal Skepticism Three works are discussed in this article: Rip Van Winkle, Young Goodman Brown, and The Fall of the House of Usher. In all of the works, the main characters enter natural or edenic settings only to meet with evil forces. Hardt terms this paradisal skepticism or a retreat from the paradisal ideal with a recognition of limits in human knowledge (249). Most critics characterize these works as portraits of the American experience but instead of man moving from ignorance to knowledge, man accepts that he is not capable of knowing everything. In the section on Young Goodman Brown, Hardt writes that the woods were once the Garden of Eden but have since been contaminated by the serpent (the old man) who is now in control of the wilderness. Browns departure from faith, both literally and figuratively, is a trip towards uncertainty where his knowledge will be tested. Hawthorne allows gaps between what Brown actually sees with his eyes and what he perceives like the serpent-like form of the old mans staff. Hardt advises that both Brown and the narrator have limited knowledge in that neither can decipher whether the witches communion was real or imagined. He concludes by noting that the only true knowledge that Goodman Brown gains after his experience is that he cannot know everything and he does not know everything. Browns lack of certainties affect him as he leaves the forest and begins to question the motives of all of the familiar townspeople. Shear, Walter. Cultural Fate and Social Freedom in Three American Short Stories. Young Goodman Brown, like James The Jolly Corner and Irvings Rip Van Winkle, has a triptych structure. In the first portion, the main character is seen in a detached state from his normal environment. The second section takes the character to an unfamiliar surrounding with bizarre happenings. The last section returns the character to his normal surroundings but in an altered state where the protagonist returns to a different relationship between himself and society. Shear notes two effects produced by this arrangement which are a fast flow into past and present that accents the great space between public and private histories and that history is good for the individual (543). As Goodman Brown leaves Faith, he becomes an individual psychologically. His departure from his wife is not only a symbolic loss of faith, but it is also his leaving behind conventional belief (545). In the woods, Browns religion is absent; therefore the familiar woods are nightmarish. He must struggle with the people in the woods in order to hold on to his morals and values. It is him against society and he is betrayed by that very society. At the end, Goodman Brown leaves the fantasy and returns to normal society. He is more aware of himself and of his relationship with other members of society. Shear says that Brown represents the unstable Puritanism as it decreases in its religious conviction and becomes somewhat hypocritical (547). Browns revulsion of his wife and community represents his own need to psychologically repress his reasons for taking the first step into the forest. Waggoner compares Poes Roderick Usher with Goodman Brown. He says that the difference between the two centers on real morbidity and real health (25). Browns secret guilt leads him into isolation since he becomes bitter because he had been given over to the evil in the world by actively participating in it (92). There is very little overt action and the plot usually consist of some type of journey. Also Waggoner advises that Browns fall from grace is less fortunate than the falls of other Hawthornes protagonists. Browns fall begins when he loses faith in the Puritan principles. From being an Innocent, he became a Cynic and so was lost because he could not accept the world as it really is (210). Williamson, James L. Young Goodman Brown: Hawthornes Devil in Manuscript. Studies in Short Fiction 18 (1981): 155-162. Williamson begins the article by commenting on Hawthornes definition of a good author. He advises that Hawthorne deemed the best writers as those with a little devil in them. Williamson comments on Hawthornes critique of women writers where Hawthorne says, Generally women write like emasculated men; but when they throw off the restraints of decency, and come before the public stark naked, as it were,- then their books are sure to possess character and value (155). Hawthorne means that writers should shed old conventions/traditions in order to write a good story. Williamson compares a main character, Oberon, in The Devil in Manuscript, who gives himself to the devil with Goodman Brown who does not give himself to the devil. Williamson suggests that in Young Goodman Brown there is a connection between the writer and the devil and the writer/speaker is actually a member of the devils party. He writes also that Brown actually meets with three devils: the old man, Goody Cloyse, and the speaker. The speaker is the devil in the manuscript in that he has the ability to make Brown and the reader perceive devilish qualities of the other characters. The often satiric tone of the speaker also hints at his devil-like qualities. This article focuses on works by Sarah Orne Jewett, A White Heron, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown. Zanger discusses the centrality of both stories on New England life. Both stories work well together as Jewetts story carries on the theme of Young Goodman Brown .The structural elements, as well, of both stories are similar. Zanger notes that both protagonists leave at sunset, quickly meet mysterious strangers and then accept the evil givings of the tempter or villian. Both characters revert from their intentions. In Hawthornes story, Brown cries to Faith to resist the evil and in Jewetts story, Sylvy refuses to tell the hunter where the heron nests. Zanger notes that each story ends in deliberate ambiguity (349). In Browns case, Hawthorne leaves the reader questionning whether Browns experience was real or fantasy. He also questions whether Browns cry to refuse the evil was of any value since his life after the woods remains desolate. There are some differences also between the two works that Zanger notes. For example, Jewetts wilderness is real' (350). Hawthorne does not go into detail about the animals in the forest unlike Jewett who specifically describes each one. Also, Jewetts forest is not clouded with evil undertones like the one that Goodman Brown enters. In relation to the individual characters, Brown begins his journey by choice as opposed to Sylvy who feels compelled to find the home of the heron. Zanger refers to Brown as one of the straw men who never questions the devils provocations. He also notes that Brown finally resists the devil based on fear, not faith (354). Zanger accepts the existing conclusion that, in light of the numerous similarities and differences, Jewett wrote A White Heron as a response to Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown.

Identity and Violence Analysis Essay -- recognition,

Identity and Violence may seem isolated from each other on a superficial level, but on a deeper analysis both seem to depend on each other. To put in a different way, just as long-stagnant water can give birth to deadly mosquitoes, similarly a logged and rigid definition of identity may lead to violence which could be similar to Aedes. To briefly explain this analogy it’s essential to refer to Charles Taylor who argued that identity is shaped in three ways:- 1) Recognition of identity 2) Absence of identity 3) Misrecognition of identity. All three modes of shaping identity have the potential to bring out violence which is latent. Here, Sigmund Freud’s idea of human instincts being of two kinds: those that conserve and unify and, the instincts to destroy and kill is very significant. These instincts work according to the motive, when individual works for their ‘motive’ that is of shaping the identity leads to use of violent means and ends mostly. Our presentation will include Terrell A. Northup idea of identity as a system of beliefs or a way of construing the world that makes life predictable rather than random. This way, he conceptualizes that social constructs of an identity become so entrenched that the conflict surfaces as violence. The identity first takes the form of threat, which later gets distorted and extremely rigid and ultimately colludes in maintaining the conflict. Thus, it can be said that, identity is central; almost core to individuals and their sense of connectedness to themselves and the society-scope they engage in. Kriesberg examines how there is a formation of not only one's own, but also a sense of identity of the other, which further reinforces the self. Though identities can be both 'ascribed' a... ...llows that the intervention is contingent on the identity dynamics of the groups involved. For instance, peripheral would limit itself to the objective component. Similarly, change in the dynamics of the relationship between parties,will not change the core schema, but alter the nature of the existing relationship between parties. This carries connotations of a relatively enduring change. Changes that occur in the identities of the parties are aimed at reconstructing the core schema, in this case, the perception of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Such would be the case if the Israeli State recognizes the Palestinian State as an equal and de-emphasizes the differences between the two. This level implies a change approximating utopia. The introduction of super ordinate goals establishes a commonality between the groups, forcing them to acknowledge the ‘other’ as more like ‘self’.

Potential Of Educational Standards Education Essay

The grounds for the survey were outlined in the prologue. In this subdivision the purposes thereof are explained and a motive for the research is provided. This stage expounds the research methodological analysiss adopted and provides the motive and justification for the pick of research methodological analysis every bit good as a description of the nature and character of action research. The research doctrine is explored and the methods of roll uping informations discussed. I was fortunate to be presented with an chance to develop an educational programme which would ensue in the publicity of four black supervisors to direction places. This led to an exploratory and experimental procedure that addressed the research job: How to plan and present a direction instruction and development programme for people who did non hold the needed educational makings to inscribe for formal direction programmes at a third establishment. This, in bend, translated into the undermentioned research inquiries? Do people without the necessary educational criterions have the possible and the ability to go effectual directors? What cognition, accomplishments and attitudes are necessary to be an effectual director and how are these cognition, accomplishments and attitudes best acquired in a workplace?Research purposeThe purpose was to better my pattern through the design and execution of a non-traditional direction instruction programme. While at the same clip, righting some of the instabilities ensuing from historical political prejudice that had deprived many black people of the chance to carry through their managerial potency and in so making do a meaningful part to four people ‘s lives. It was besides intended to do a part to direction development, concern betterment and socio-economic transmutation.Research aimsIn trying a undertaking of this nature, there were many obstructions and jobs to confront that were both complex and sensitive and I needed a clear apprehension of what I planned to accomplish through carry oning the research survey. These aims would besides hopefully separate this researc h undertaking from â€Å" masqueraded consulting † ( Eriksson & A ; Kovalainen, 2008:204 ) After careful consideration, the undermentioned list of aims were identified for the survey: Investigate premises and patterns that I thought needed to be challenged ; Develop an apprehension of the construct of instruction and in peculiar grownup instruction and how it relates to larning in a workplace ; Explore and experiment with course of study design for a non-traditional emancipatory direction instruction procedure in a workplace ; Implement the procedure and happen possible barriers to implementation in order to better and alter the bing state of affairs ; Bringing approximately positive transmutation ; and Gain professional cognition.Aim of the surveyThe motive to accept the challenge was based on the premise that direction accomplishments and leading behavior can be developed through relevant preparation and expert guided experience and the strong belief that willing and able non-managerial Black employees can and should be developed to travel into direction places. The purpose of the survey was hence to develop and present a feasible and sustainable method of grownup instruction for the development and promotion of four black female supervisors to direction places, by: Locating the programme in values of equality and justness with regard for human self-respect ; Approaching grownup instruction in such a manner that the participants would be involved in their ain acquisition experience ; Identifying the practical deductions of presenting the invention into a specific workplace and implementing the programme ; and Measuring the programme, with peculiar mention to its relevancy to the participants and their alteration in behavior. From the literature reviews discussed subsequently in the survey, there appeared to be a wide consensus that larning and organizational alteration require a scope of development, preparation and acquisition attacks ; that the traditional external class, while moderately effectual as a briefing device for advancing consciousness, is hapless at advancing behavioral and organizational alteration ; that alteration is more likely to be achieved via techniques specifically aimed at peculiar larning marks related to the person ‘s practical undertakings and experience ; and that development, preparation and coaching should, when appropriate, take topographic point as stopping point to the work state of affairs as possible. This meant that for the invention to win the company had to accommodate and aline itself both structurally and culturally to altering fortunes and new attacks, which resulted in the add-on of the undermentioned standards: Involving the whole administration in the procedure, utilizing a systems attack, and turn toing issues of socialization, civilizations, values, attitudes and perceptual experiences.THE SettingThe survey was conducted in a fabrication company in Gauteng, in South Africa. It is the most advanced metropolitan part in the state and the industrial hub. Although it covers less than two per centum of South Africa ‘s entire land mass it contributes more than 50 per centum of Gross Domestic Product and accommodates about one one-fourth of the entire population ( De Beer, 1990 ) . The town in which the mill was situated was populated by preponderantly Afrikaans talking White people and in 1994 was a Conservative Party fastness. Until the early 90s a curfew bell was still sounded at 9pm every eventide to guarantee that the town remained ‘White by dark ‘ . The direction instruction programme was implemented in a fabrication administration. It is a in private owned company that employed about 80 people and had a turnover in surplus of five million Rand per annum in 1994. The fabrication procedure is complicated and labour intensive with most phases of production necessitating a skilled labor force. The chosen trainees were all Black females with formal instruction degrees runing from class 9 to rate 12. Unfortunately even the two ladies with a matriculation certification were unable to derive entry to third establishments as the topics they had completed were non recognised for higher acquisition, for illustration Bible Studies and Agriculture. All of them were loyal employees who had at least 15 old ages of work experience in the company and all were employed in a supervisory capacity. Their elected wise mans and managers were both White males. The Factory / Production Manager had a sheepskin in Production Management and a figure of old ages of production and direction experience. The General Manager had an undergraduate commercialism grade and many old ages of direction experience, but had non been actively involved in the production procedure and was more concerned with the administrative elements of the company. Unlike many research workers who enter new and unusual research environments, I had ready entree to the site and was fortunate plenty to be familiar with the people involved in the research procedure and the workplace scene. This made my entry into the state of affairs comparatively easy as I did non hold to confront the debatable state of affairs of acquiring to cognize the participants or the workplace environment. However, on contemplation this factor created a new set of complexnesss and jobs.RESEARCH APPROACHChoice of methodological analysisI am of the sentiment that given the research involvements, inquiries, purposes and aims of this qualitative survey together with my theoretical position that action research was an appropriate attack. My multiple and frequently complex functions of adviser, facilitator, instructor and scholar, and ‘objective ‘ research worker in the survey were a possible quandary, nevertheless, this was resolved by following an action research methodological analysis. This determination is substantiated by Eriksson & A ; Kovalainen who province that: It is of import to understand that, in action research, there is no large difference between the research worker and the researched group aˆÂ ¦ Often the differences between the research worker and direction adviser diminish and even disappear, as academic research is geared towards accomplishing apprehension of real-life jobs related to concern activities and bring forthing alteration procedures and solutions for the job ( 2008:194 ) Action research differs from conventional or traditional research because as Coghlan and Brannick assert it focuses upon â€Å" research in action, instead than research about action † ( 2005:4 ) . The other distinguishing characteristic of action research is that it does non put the doctorial pupil as research worker in an â€Å" aˆÂ ¦external ‘objective ‘ function but alternatively locates her within the research puting to research whether the rhythms of intercessions chosen really work to alter the debatable state of affairs to which the research job is addressed † ( Greenwood & A ; Levin, 2007 cited in Grogan, Donaldson & A ; Simmons, 2007:6 ) . The experimental nature of the research undertaking besides required an alternate attack to more traditional qualitative research. Eriksson and Kovalainen suggests that â€Å" action research is specifically utile when researching procedure related jobs in organisations, such as acquisition and alteration † ( 2008:199 ) . They further assert that: Action research is thought to be particularly suited when the research inquiry is related to depicting an unfolding series of actions that are taking topographic point over clip in a certain group aˆÂ ¦ Besides, if the research inquiry is related to understanding the procedure of alteration, development or betterment of some existent job, so, in order to larn from it, action research is an appropriate application for research ( 2008:193-194 ) Corey states that the value of traditional research is â€Å" determined by the sum of reliable cognition it adds † , while that of action research â€Å" is determined chiefly by the extent to which findings lead to betterment in the patterns of people engaged in the research † ( 1953:13 ) . This is confirmed by Carr and Kemmis, who assert that â€Å" aˆÂ ¦the testing land for educational research is non its theoretical edification or its ability to conform to standards derived from societal scientific disciplines, but instead its capacity to decide educational jobs and better educational pattern † ( 1986:109 ) .Action ResearchFor some readers the construct of action research will be portion of their pattern, for others it may look a unusual attack to research. As action research does non needfully do a immense difference between research and action, it may give an imprecise and ill-defined feeling of research as a procedure. It can be argued that it is exactly here where action research has its power: when it remains ‘close ‘ to its research objects and is based on mutual activities, when done decently, it can besides authorise its participants, non merely the scientific discipline community ( Eriksson & A ; Kovalainen, 2008:202-203 ) Action Research has been widely used to better pattern in educational scenes ( Carr and Kemmis, 1986:162 ) . It is acknowledged as â€Å" an appropriate research paradigm for educational, professional, managerial and organizational development † ( Zuber-Skerritt, 1996:3 ) and was the merely obvious pick of methodological analysis for this survey. As a methodological analysis action research is based on alternate research paradigms. There is no universally accepted definition of action research in literature and there are a assortment of action research theoretical accounts available. As Nofke asserts there has been â€Å" aˆÂ ¦exceptional growing in the extent of action research patterns † and we should besides be cognizant of the â€Å" aˆÂ ¦proliferation of significances and utilizations of the term action research † ( 1994:9 ) Those of us in South Africa interested in action research recognise that there are contested points of position about what ‘action research ‘ agencies and what patterns constitute it. aˆÂ ¦ It is the acknowledgment of the potency of action research as informed, automatic and transformative action, nevertheless, that holds sway ( Walker, 1988:153 ) . Whitehead and McNiff suggest that most of the action research literature negotiations about bettering pattern, but negotiations less about bettering acquisition as the footing of improved pattern, and even less about how this should be seen as new theory and an of import part to the universe of thoughts. They believe that theory itself needs to be reconceptualised, non as an abstract, apparently esoteric field of survey, but as a practical manner of believing about societal personal businesss and how they can be improved ( 2006:8 ) . The beginnings of action research can be found in the instructions of Marx, Gramsci and Freire who were engaged in altering societal constructions and patterns for the benefit of those who had been oppressed or marginalised by the position quo ( Reason & A ; Bradbury, 2001 ) . Lewin is credited with gestating action research which was so farther developed by Kolb ( 1984 ) , Carr and Kemmis ( 1986 ) and others. Historically Revans ( 1986 ) is its recognized title-holder. Pulling from the work of Jean Piaget, Revans contended that larning â€Å" stems from responsible experience † ( 1982:2 ) , that is, â€Å" all acquisition is the merchandise of action † ( 1982:772 ) . Action research spiral Lewin ‘s action research spiral, is described as follows by Lewin cited in Burgess ( 1985:162 ) : The first measure is to analyze the thought carefully in the visible radiation of the agencies available. Frequently more investigative about the state of affairs is required. If this first period of planning is successful, two points emerge: viz. , ‘an overall program ‘ of how to make the aim and secondly, a determination in respect to the first measure of action. Normally this planning has besides slightly modified the original thought ( Lewin, 1948:205 ) . The following measure is composed of a circle of planning, put to deathing, and reconnaissance or fact happening for the intent of measuring the consequences of the 2nd measure, and fixing the rational footing for be aftering the 3rd measure, and for possibly modifying once more the overall program ( 1948:206 ) . To assist cover with the issues refering the nature of direction development, course of study development and grownup instruction in a structured, yet flexible, mode Lewin ‘s ( 1946 ) action research spiral was used as a theoretical account. Initially, I had non considered utilizing the attack to carry on a research survey but instead to utilize the action research spiral as a theoretical account to help with the design and bringing of an experimental direction instruction programme because of its iterative nature and accent on continual betterment. Lewin ‘s theoretical account specifies a spiral of activities in the undermentioned sequence: Clarifying and naming a job state of affairs for pattern ; Explicating action schemes for deciding the job ; Implementing and measuring the action schemes ; and Further elucidation and diagnosing of the job ( and so into the following spiral of contemplation and action ) . Lewin ‘s coiling recognises the demand for action programs to be flexible. In complex societal state of affairss it is ne'er possible to expect everything that needs to be done and in this theoretical account the deliberate imbrication of action and contemplation allow alterations in programs for action as the participants learn from and reflect on their ain experience. The procedure is summarised in the diagram of an action research coiling below. Upward spiral of bettering practiceFIGURE 1: Action research spiral Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //education.qld.gov.au/students/advocacy/equity/gendersch/action.html My apprehension of the action research procedure, based on Lewin ‘s attack, was that action is followed by critical contemplation: – What worked? What did non work? What did we larn? How should we make it otherwise following clip? Once apprehension was achieved, decisions drawn and programs refined or new programs developed so these were once more tested in action. This tied in with the well established larning theory of Kolb and Fry ( 1975:35-36 ) which suggests that persons pass through a rhythm of phases in the learning experience: A period of observation ; A period of contemplation ; A period of conceptual modeling ; and A period of active testing. Therefore the completion of the acquisition procedure will affect several rhythms and may in fact ne'er terminal. Based on the above, I envisaged a procedure where myself and the other participants in the programme developed a program of action ; acted to implement the program ; observed the effects of the action in the context in which it occurred ; reflected on these effects as a footing for farther planning, subsequent action and so on through a sequence of rhythms. This allowed for a flexible course of study that could be modified as the programme progressed and invariably evaluated and altered in footings of its relevancy to the programme ‘s purposes. This initial theoretical account was excessively simple as in world, life does non travel â€Å" along one path at a clip aˆÂ ¦ † ( McNiff, 1988:28 ) and Susman and Evered ‘s ( 1978 ) more complex representational theoretical account reproduced below, better fitted the survey. FIGURE 2: The cyclical procedure of action research Beginning: Susman & A ; Evered, 1978:582-603 in Administrative Science Quarterly This impression concurs with that of Walker ( 1993:107 ) who finds that the attractive force of action research lies exactly in the ne'er stoping spiral of action, contemplation, enquiry and speculating originating from and grounded in practical concerns, where the hunt is non for the right replies but towards â€Å" practical wisdom aˆÂ ¦ in peculiar, complex and human state of affairss † ( Elliott, 1991:52 ) . Lau ( 1998 ) discusses the standards which Checkland ( 1991 ) believes are indispensable for an action research survey to be accepted as a legitimate option to the more traditional methods. These standards served as a guideline to my ain action research: There is a real-world job relevant to the research subjects of involvement to the research worker ; Respective functions of the research worker and participants are defined in the job state of affairs ; Inclusion of an rational model by agencies of which the nature of research lessons can be defined and the method in which the model is embodied ; Researcher engagement in blossoming the state of affairs with a position to assist convey about alterations deemed betterments ; Rethinking of earlier phases by doing sense of the accumulating experience through the declared model and method, and revising alterations ; and Point of issue for the research worker in order to reexamine the experience and to pull out lessons for larning in relation to the research themes and/or definition of new subjects ( 1991:397-403 ) . Action research includes action larning which Zuber-Skerritt defines as: Learning from concrete experience and critical contemplation on that experience, through group treatment, test and mistake, find and larning from one another ( 1993:45 ) .The narrative stating attackHarmonizing to Eriksson & A ; Kovalainen, in action research The research workers have full academic ‘freedom ‘ to utilize any stylistic elements they wish and frequently the descriptive anthropology and narrative signifiers are besides used in composing the action research studies ( 2008:207 ) Based on Elliott ‘s statement that action research workers should utilize a instance survey attack and that research studies should take a narrative signifier based on analytic memos and following a historical format: â€Å" stating the narrative as it has unfolded over clip † ( 1991:88 ) , elements of instance survey scheme were adopted in the experimental research stage and elements from a narrative attack with an ethnographic focal point, were used in the thesis as the manner for documenting the survey ( www.Infed.org/research ) . It is of import to observe that, unlike research workers utilizing other qualitative attacks and methods such as instance survey research or descriptive anthropology who tend to be interested perceivers, in this survey I was an active participant ( Myers, 2008:57 ) . Using elements of a narrative attack to direction and educational research can be described within the context of the post-modern, which gave me the freedom as writer/researcher to be personally present in the text as opposed to being the 3rd individual composing in a inactive voice, the traditionally needed ‘objective ‘ research worker. Dane asserts that â€Å" research is an activity, and an active voice conveys that impression † ( 1990:214 ) , this is substantiated by Van Maanen ( 1988, cited in Sikes & A ; Gale, 2006 ) who suggests that by composing in an active voice ( confessional narrative ) the research worker ‘tells it as it was ‘ instead than following traditional, formulaic and ‘objective ‘ constructions that tell of neat, tidy, elementary research undertakings. The usage of a descriptive narrative of the journey allowed me to capture the socio-cultural scene in which the acquisition occurred and helped â€Å" aˆÂ ¦make expressed some of the inexplicit cognition used to understand and implement the intercession † ( Hoadley, 2002: 2 ) . For most people, storytelling is a natural manner of telling experience, a practical solution to a cardinal job in life, making sensible order out of experience ( Moen, 2006:2 ) . In this thesis I adopted a multi-voiced coverage manner, where the positions and looks of all the participants were incorporated into my narrative. Their voices are actively heard in Phase 7 and 8 where infusions from their written and unwritten informations are reproduced verbatim. On completion of the bill of exchange, this study was given to them to read and formalize and this factor influenced the manner of composing used.RESEARCH DESIGNResearch DoctrineA research worker ‘s scientific beliefs or research doctrine is influenced by the research worker ‘s societal intent or what he/she wants to accomplish in the societal universe and why. Harmonizing to Whitehead and McNiff: A strong relationship exists between what you hope to accomplish in footings of your being as a human being and your ontological, epistemic and methodological premises, which can act upon each other and transform each other ( 2006:24 ) . They besides suggest that: Where research traditions differ is how they perceive the placement of the research worker ( ontological committednesss ) , the relationship between the apprehender and what is known ( epistemic committednesss ) , the procedures of bring forthing cognition ( methodological committednesss ) , and the ends of research in footings of how the cognition will be used ( societal committednesss ) ( 2006:22 ) . Ontology Ontology refers to a theory of being, which influences how we perceive ourselves in relation to our environment ( Whitehead & A ; McNiff 2006:10 ) . Action research aims to lend both to the practical concerns of people in an immediate debatable state of affairs and to the ends of societal scientific discipline by joint coaction within a reciprocally acceptable ethical model ( Rapoport, 1970: 499 ) . This can be seen as debatable in the coverage phase because The boundaries between people begin to fade out, as people see themselves as united in a common enterprise to better their ain fortunes and inquiries can originate about who tells the research narrative, whose voice is heard, and who speaks on behalf of whom ( Whitehead & A ; McNiff 2006:11 ) . A participative and subjective attack to research is hence built-in in action research and as Burr argues, objectiveness is: an impossibleness, since each of us, of necessity, must meet the universe from some position or other ( from where we stand ) and the inquiries we come to inquire about that universe, our theories and hypothesis, must besides of necessity arise from the premises that are embedded in our position † . She continues by stating that â€Å" The undertaking of research workers hence becomes to admit and even to work with their ain intrinsic engagement in the research procedure and the portion this plays in the consequences that are produced. Research workers must see the research procedure as needfully a co-production between themselves and the people they are researching ( 1995:160 cited in Colombo, 2003 ) . Due to my active engagement in the survey, I acknowledge the built-in subjectiveness of this survey every bit good as the impact it has had on both the procedure and the results of this research. As I reviewed my personal diaries and field notes my ain emotional reaction to certain events and people was apparent and sometimes contradictory interior voices emerged, some of these have been included in the text. However, I subscribe to Whitehead ‘s theory of the single ‘I ‘ which is ever seen to be in company with other single ‘I ‘s ‘ , where significances and committednesss flow between lives, and people perceive themselves non as separate entities, though still alone persons, but as sharing the same life infinite as others ( Rayner 2002 ; 2003 ; Whitehead 2005 ) . Epistemology Epistemology ( Whitehead & A ; McNiff 2006:23 ) refers to a theory of cognition, which involves two parts: A theory of cognition ( what is known ) ; and A theory of cognition acquisition ( how it becomes known ) Heron ( 1981 ; 1982 ) suggests that action research implies that cognition includes multiple ways of knowing and that the epistemology of action research should include: Propositional cognizing – based on theories or received wisdom ; Experimental knowledge – gained through the direct brush with people, topographic points or things ; Practical knowledge – gained through the making of things ; and Presentational knowledge – gained by telling our silent experiential cognition into forms. Harmonizing to Carr and Kemmis ( 1986:42 ) instructors ( in my instance a facilitator of an educational procedure ) have professional common-sense cognition. In add-on, they have thoughts about educational theory, a philosophical mentality, and societal and moral theories. Knowledge has the capacity to alter as cognition and thought alterations, hence, on the footing of this reflexiveness or capacity to alter, new signifiers of societal life can be created or reconstructed. Action research is based on the epistemic premise that the intent of action research and discourse is non merely to depict, understand and explicate the universe but besides to alter it ( Reason & A ; Torbett, 2001 ) . Goodson and Walker province that â€Å" the undertaking of research is to do sense of what we know ( 1991:107 ) † and the sense we make is determined by the choice and political relations of our attack. In this survey, a brooding procedure inherent in action research was used for sense-making or doing silent cognition explicit. This sense-making was introduced to the reader through a description of how the undertaking was conceived, what was intended, the rhythms of action throughout the procedure and an analysis of both the intended and unintended results. When reexamining my epistemic stance the remark by Whitehead and McNiff was peculiarly disposed. They province that in action research â€Å" cognition is created, non discovered. This is normally a procedure of test and mistake. Probationary replies, and the procedure itself, are ever unfastened to review † ( 2006:27 ) . Methodological premises Methodologies refer to the manner that research is conducted. I found the undermentioned paragraph from Whitehead and McNiff utile in this respect and the methodological analysis used in this survey has been guided by these premises. Unlike traditional societal scientific discipline, action questions do non take for closing, nor do practicians anticipate to happen certain replies. The procedure itself is the methodological analysis ( Mellor 1998 ) , and is often untidy, haphazard and experimental. Richard Winter ( 1998 ) negotiations about ‘improvisatory self-fulfillment in action research ‘ , where a certain grade of entrepreneurialism is involved ; and Marian Dadds and Susan Hart ( 2001 ) talk about ‘methodological ingeniousness ‘ , where we try multiple advanced ways until we find the 1 that is right for us. We look out for what might be a utile manner forward, and seek it out. One measure leads to another, and one rhythm of action-reflection leads to another. ( aˆÂ ¦ ) Traditional ways of making research offer a completed narrative. Action research workers let their ain narrative evolve. It is every bit much about the narrator as about the narrative ( Whitehead & A ; McNiff 2006:3 0 ) . Ethical considerations Soltis believes that research workers should detect the ‘non-negotiable ‘ values of â€Å" honestness, equity, regard for individuals and beneficence † ( 1989:129 ) . This ties in with one of the purposes of the survey of ‘locating the programme in values of equality and justness with regard for human self-respect ‘ . In pattern this meant being unfastened and honest about the research, its intent and application ; obtaining informed consent from the participants in the procedure and guaranting them of their right to retreat from the procedure at any clip without punishment. It besides meant non harming the company or participants and if possible, go forthing them in a better place. The research procedure and findings were guided by the ethical consideration of protecting participants ‘ individualities and obtaining permission to utilize their personal development diaries and other paperss owned by them, every bit good as obtaining participant proof of this thesis. The purpose of action research is to better and affect. To better meant alteration that was non ever comfy for the participants and throughout the survey I endeavoured to adhere to the ideal that everybody has the right to move, the right to be heard and the right to take.Data CollectionHussey and Hussey province that, â€Å" Whatever the intent of the research, empirical grounds is required. They define empirical grounds as, â€Å" informations based on observation or experience † ( 1997:10 ) . Harmonizing to Eriksson & A ; Kovalainen One of the challenges of action research in comparing with many other ‘research methods ‘ is that information analysis is frequently done collaboratively with the organisation, group of people or community involved. This is to guarantee the intimacy of consequences to the organization/group/community in inquiry. At the same clip, the analysis needs to carry through the ‘academic demands ‘ , therefore frequently including both linguistic communication and tools non known to ‘laypeople ‘ . Therefore, it is of import to add transparence and interlingual rendition of the analysis of the informations to the purpose of intercessions planned and action planning ( 2008:202 ) In this survey, informations based on observation was collected through the usage of elaborate field notes which provided a running history of what happened throughout the procedure and informations based on experience was collected as personal notes in the signifier of a diary which included notes to myself and a record of my contemplations, my feelings and reactions, ego uncertainties and inquiries, choler and defeats, and delectations. Throughout the survey I was punctilious in roll uping and updating the field notes and my diary. Records of meetings and informal interviews and treatments with participants and other stakeholders, every bit good as the emerging directors ‘ personal development diaries entering their phases of development provided extra collaborative beginnings of informations. Each of the informations aggregation methods used in this research undertaking could be considered portion of an overall attack to bettering the quality and cogency of the research informations through an attack known as informations triangulation. This would besides counter the possibility of low dependability.